Abolition of Capital Punishment in Canada

Abolition of Capital Punishment in Canada The removal of capital punishment from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976 has not led to an increase in the murder rate in Canada. In fact, Statistics Canada reports that the murder rate has generally been declining since the mid-1970s. In 2009, the national murder rate in Canada was 1.81 homicides per 100,000 population, compared to the mid-1970s when it was around 3.0. The total number of murders in Canada in 2009 was 610, one fewer than in 2008. Murder rates in Canada are generally about a third of those in the United States. Canadian Sentences for Murder While proponents of the death penalty may cite capital punishment as a deterrent to murder, that has not been the case in Canada. Sentences currently in use in Canada for murder are: First-degree murder - a life sentence with no possibility of parole for 25 yearsSecond-degree murder - a life sentence with no possibility of parole for at least ten yearsManslaughter - a life sentence with parole eligibility after seven years Wrongful Convictions A strong argument used against capital punishment is the possibility of mistakes. Wrongful convictions in Canada have had a high profile, including David Milgaard - sentenced to life imprisonment for the 1969 murder of Gail Miller, a Saskatoon nursing aide. Milgaard spent 22 years in prison, The Supreme Court set aside Milgaards conviction in 1992, and he was cleared by DNA evidence in 1997. The Saskatchewan government awarded Milgaard $10 million for his wrongful conviction.Donald Marshall Jr. - convicted of the 1971 stabbing murder of Sandy Seale in Sydney, Nova Scotia. Marshall was acquitted in 1983 after spending 11 years in prison.Guy Paul Morin - sentenced to life imprisonment in 1992 for the first-degree murder of nine-year-old neighbor Christine Jessop, Morin was exonerated in 1996 by DNA testing. Morin and his parents received a $1.25 million settlement.Thomas Sophonow - tried three times and convicted twice of the 1981 murder of donut shop waitress Barbara Stoppel in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Both convictions were overturned on appeal, and the Supreme Court of Canada prevented the fourth trial of Sophonow. DNA evidence clear ed Sophonow in 2000, and he was awarded $2.6 million in compensation. Clayton Johnson - convicted in 1993 of the first-degree murder of his wife. In 2002, the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal overturned the conviction and ordered a new trial. The Crown said it had no new evidence and Johnson was set free.

Supreme Court Cases Dealing with Pornography

Supreme Court Cases Dealing with Pornography The Supreme Court has addressed pornography more often than almost any other issue of comparable specificity, and small wonder why- the Court has read an implicit obscenity exception to the free speech clause, giving it the unenviable responsibility of interpreting an unstated 18th-century definition of obscenity two centuries later. And the more the Court has attempted to define obscenity, the more complex that definition has become.The Supreme Court made things slightly easier for itself in three cases, all decided between 1967 and 1973.Jacobellis v. Ohio (1967)Forced to determine whether the art film Les Amants was obscene, despite the fact that it was obviously not intended to serve as pornography, the Court acknowledged the difficulty of its job- before ruling in favor of the film on multiple, vague grounds. Justice Potter Stewart memorably captured the Courts challenge: It is possible to read the Courts opinion in [past pornography cases] in a variety of ways. In saying this, I imply no criticism of the Court, which, in those cases, was faced with the task of trying to define what may be indefinable. I have reached the conclusion, which I think is confirmed at least by negative implication in the Courts [recent decisions] that, under the First and Fourteenth Amendments, criminal laws in this area are constitutionally limited to hard-core pornography. I shall not today attempt further to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced within that shorthand description, and perhaps I could never succeed in intelligibly doing so. But I know it when I see it, and the motion picture involved in this case is not that. These are the rights that appellant is asserting in the case before us. He is asserting the right to read or observe what he pleases the right to satisfy his intellectual and emotional needs in the privacy of his own home. He is asserting the right to be free from state inquiry into the contents of his library. Georgia contends that appellant does not have these rights, that there are certain types of materials that the individual may not read or even possess. Georgia justifies this assertion by arguing that the films in the present case are obscene.But we think that mere categorization of these films as obscene is insufficient justification for such a drastic invasion of personal liberties guaranteed by the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Whatever may be the justifications for other statutes regulating obscenity, we do not think they reach into the privacy of ones own home. If the First Amendment means anything, it means that a State has no business telling a man, sitting alone in his own house, what books he may read or what films he may watch. Our whole constitutional heritage rebels at the thought of giving government the power to control mens minds. The difficulty is that we do not deal with constitutional terms, since obscenity is not mentioned in the Constitution or Bill of Rights †¦ for there was no recognized exception to the free press at the time the Bill of Rights was adopted which treated obscene publications differently from other types of papers, magazines, and books †¦ What shocks me may be sustenance for my neighbor. What causes one person to boil up in rage over one pamphlet or movie may reflect only his neurosis, not shared by others. We deal here with a regime of censorship which, if adopted, should be done by constitutional amendment after full debate by the people.Obscenity cases usually generate tremendous emotional outbursts. They have no business being in the courts. If a constitutional amendment authorized censorship, the censor would probably be an administrative agency. Then criminal prosecutions could follow as, if, and when publishers defied the censor and sold their literature. Under that regi me, a publisher would know when he was on dangerous ground. Under the present regime whether the old standards or the new ones are used the criminal law becomes a trap. In practice, all but the most harmful and exploitative forms of pornography have generally been decriminalized despite the Courts relative lack of clarity on this issue.

E-Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-Environment - Essay Example As the paper highlights  e-commerce (electronic commerce) is a process of carrying out business tasks using internet. However, there is a small difference between e-business and e-commerce. E-business does not engage commercial transaction, is an online company, a transition made on the web, however that does not essentially comprise a commercial transaction. In this scenario, the executive of e-commerce business, for instance, that professional is in-charge for dealing and managing relationship between the business and consumers on the web. On the other hand, the executive of e-business, actually, is accountable for consulting the business's internet. In this scenario, one has to work on company’s sales tasks and the other does not. This is the major dissimilarity.This discussion stresses that  with the developments in the information technology there have emerged a large number of opportunities and prospects for the businesses. Though, the information technology has offe red countless opportunities to businesses however also caused a number of legal, privacy and ethical issues. In this scenario, the web based businesses are facing a more open and less secure arrangement that can cause various serious problems for business arrangement. This can lead to a number of business and corporate issues. In this scenario, the customer security management is one of the main issues that need to be resolved in order to improve corporate performance.... In this scenario, the customer security management is one of the main issues that need to be resolved in order to improve corporate performance. Additionally, the implementation of information technology offers an excellent support for the business as a result improves corporate performance but also causes danger of exposing business customer details (Wolverton). In addition, in past few years we have seen a number of security and privacy attacks to the world’s big business corporations. In this scenario, one of the major corporations is Amazon.com that has experienced attacks from a website hacker who attacked the business network servers and hacked the records of more than 98,000 customers and forced the company to go offline. On the other hand, there are many cases in which business firms faced massive credit card frauds. Additionally, these situations caused serious issues and challenges for businesses for maintaining customer belief on business. Thus, the impact of legal and privacy and ethical issues extensively influence the business performance. In this scenario, business firms can face issues regarding customer loyalty that can negatively affect the business position in the marketplace. Such business arrangement can lead to some serious issues which create problems for business management. Thus, these all issues need to be effectively managed in order to improve the business performance (Wolverton). Impact on Organization’s Opportunities   E-business also offered a great deal of opportunities to business sector. At the present, businesses are more and more concerned with business performance and operational management. In addition, at the present business sector is having a lot of opportunities and ease of web and

Minoans and Mycenaean Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minoans and Mycenaean Culture - Research Paper Example The island of Crete was home to the Minoans while Mainland Greece for the Mycenaeans. Also, though there is no written record, Minoans and Mycenaeans are believed to speak Greek. Geographically speaking, we come to understand that Minoans had more advantage geographically as Crete soil is very fertile that spurred growth of affluent population. This pushed the Minoans to develop the first civilization in Europe which was a sort of imitation of the Egyptian culture. However, because of the increasing standard of living they had, they out grew their limited resources and had Mycenaean culture lord over them when their economic and political system started crumbling down ("Minoan Culture and the Mycenaeans." N.p., n.d). The Mycenaeans, according to many scholars became more advanced and knowledgeable than the Minoans when it comes to infrastructure and livelihood. They were able to develop roads first, as they did not seem to have ridden on horses as they were small. However, there were some inventories found in their palace ruins that proved their use of chariots at their time. Aside from that, the Mycenaeans also showed more prowess in weaponry as there were a lot of information drawn from symbols, though are still subject to interpretation, that conveyed this culture to having what we call today swords and daggers. Because of this, Mycenaeans were deemed as more powerful than the Minoans that led the latter to take over the Minoan culture. The cities that Mycenaeans developed were even called warlord cities because their society was primarily geared towards battle and invasion (Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures. N.p, n.d). Architecture has always been a strong point for both cultures as they developed sophisticated architecture alike. This is their way of expending their wealth. Both had a royal class especially the Mycenaeans which drew a strong line between the poor and the rich as the skeletal remains found by archeologists proved that people who belonged to the higher class had taller and stronger bones as opposed to the lower class people that suggest the disparity between the wealthy and the poor in terms of nutrition. There is little known about both civilizations’ religion except from the images that is reflected in their art. Speaking of art, Mycenaeans were very much influenced by the kind of mindset they were born to uphold and their culture. Thus, one would be able to see imminently how their art is skewed to portray snapshots of warfare and hunting. On the other hand, Minoan art is more concerned with the fond inclination of everyday life. Enormous quantities of pottery throughout the Eastern Mediterranean directed scholars to learning about these early civilizations. When it comes to producing wealth, Minoans and Mycenaeans were alike as both were very interested in goods and were good at trading through bartering raw goods, though it was the Minoans who first were heavily engaged in trade oversees, mainly to obtain metal s such as tin and copper to produce bronze that was triggered by their need to produce more resources that has been limited in Crete ("Minoan Culture and the Mycenaeans." N.p., n.d). Minoans were also mercantile people where their ships have taken the function of both trader and fighter at the same time. Both their knowledge in trading was hugely caused by the fact that both cultures were able to develop a writing system that made business dealings easier, though

Poems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poems - Essay Example These perspectives are reinforced by the mythical approach that Coleridge has taken. He describes the almost superhuman power that Kubla possesses through the fear that the speaker wishes to impart on his ‘subjects’. The same mysticism applies to his desire to be the demon lover, which shares the same divine and scary characteristics. The use of altered states of consciousness was popular among writers and poets in the Romantic Movement. It is important to note that the narrative was based on an opium-influenced dream. As a result, the poem features some hallucinatory aspects. The instance of ‘flashing eyes’ and ‘floating hair’ correlates to the tenets of the movement. It idealized the use of imagination over the power of reason. In that respect, Coleridge utilizes his imagination to develop a narrative that personifies his character as that of Kubla Khan. The movement appreciated the use of religious and divine ideals, as opposed to rational co ntent related to scientific knowledge. The same Romantic ideals have been used in developing mystic themes and references in the narrative. The speaker highlights the dread that engulfs his ‘subjects’ and invokes divine practices as part of their response to Kubla. For example, Coleridge explains ‘weave a circle around him thrice†¦ (Coleridge 51)’ Mary Shelley lived at a time when societies were at a crossroads. In her time, the world was engulfed in thought concerning various philosophical concerns, which were centered on the well-being of the human individual. For example, political philosophy of the time was focused on natural rights, enfranchisement and what constitutes human nature. This was a time that slavery existed legally in parts of the world. In that respect, Shelley develops the nature of her monster as part of her revolutionary ideals. She believed in equality among individuals, and that each has his/her own right to determination. Simila rly, the narrative exposes her beliefs in the representation of disability. The monster appears physically disoriented, and its body is considered repulsive. As a result, it is discriminated upon by the larger society. However, Shelley disputes this ideal that had permeated the societies of the time. She highlights that physical differences to ‘normal’ people did not change their human nature. In that regard, she grants the monster equal cognitive and lingual ability to ‘normal’ people. This serves as a representation of her revolutionary stance on natural rights. The monster may be regarded as autistic by some. At the time, disabled people were disregarded in the society, and seen as foolish and unfruitful individuals. The presentation of the monster contravenes these ideals and may be regarded as revolutionary. However, Shelley’s monster highlights that disabled individuals can maintain their productivity. This is seen through the monster’s intellect and actions. In that respect, Shelley speaks out against oppression, which may be regarded as a revolutionary ideal. This is seen through the themes of anger and loneliness that surround the monster. The author explores her revolutionary views on equality by developing her monster as a being that possesses human nature. This is seen through her monster’s cognitive development. It begins by attempting to connect with other human beings

The Challenges Faced By Kingfisher Airlines Commerce Essay

The Challenges Faced By Kingfisher Airlines Commerce Essay While starting this assignment, I was required to conduct my research based on any company or organization. This could prove to be very tricky as the company selected should have been both challenging as well as with some scope for applying managerial theories. Kingfisher:-Kingfisher is an Kingfisher based in Mumbai, India, and focuses primarily on domestic routes, along with several international services to neighboring countries in Asia. Kingfisher is state-owned, and is administered by the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is one of the two flag carriers of India, the other being Air India. The Kingfisher was rebranded as Indian for advertising purposes as a part of a program to revamp its image in preparation for an initial public offering (IPO). The Kingfisher operates closely with Air India, Indias national carrier. Alliance Air, a fully-owned subsidiary of Kingfisher, was renamed Air India Regional. In 2007, the Government of India announced that Kingfisher would be merged into Air India. As part of the merger process, a new company called the National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL) was established, into which both Air India (along with Air India Express) and Kingfisher] (along with Alliance Air) will be merged. Once the merg er is complete, the Kingfisher which will be called Air India will continue to be headquartered in Mumbai and will have a fleet of over 130 aircraft. C:Documents and SettingskamalDesktop64748.jpg History:- Kingfisher Kingfisher is a private airline based in Bangalore, India. Currently, it holds the status of Indias largest domestic airline, providing world-class facilities to its customers. Owned by Vijay Mallya of United Beverages Group, Kingfisher Kingfisher started its operations on May 9, 2005, with a fleet of 4 brand new Airbus A320, a flight from Mumbai to Delhi to start with. The airline currently operates on domestic as well as international routes, covering a number of major cities, both in and outside India. In a short span of time, Kingfisher Kingfisher has carved a niche for itself in the civil aviation industry. Kingfisher Kingfisher proved to be a stiff competition for other domestic Kingfisher of India, with its brand new aircraft, stylish red interiors, stylishly dressed cabin crew and ground staff. The airline introduced in-flight entertainment (IFE) systems, for the first time to Indian consumers. The IFE systems were provided on every seat, even on the dom estic flights. The airline offers attractive services to its on board passengers. Years following its inception proved to be beneficial for the airline, in terms of its booming business, with a good track record of customer satisfaction. However, it faced a worsening economic scenario in 2008 MANAGEMENT Management in all business areas and human organization activity is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to manage oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act(s) of management. Basic functions of management:- Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/directing, and controlling/monitoring. * Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next 5 years, etc.) and generating plans for action. * Organizing: (Implementation) making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans. * Staffing: Job analyzing, recruitment, and hiring individuals for appropriate jobs. * Leading/Directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and getting people to do it. * Controlling/Monitoring: Checking progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback. Management hierarchy In an organization:- The management of an organization may have three levels:- Senior management (or top management or upper management) Middle management Low-level management, such as supervisors or team-leaders Top-level management:- * Require an extensive knowledge of management roles and skills. * They have to be very aware of external factors such as markets. * Their decisions are generally of a long-term nature * Their decisions are made using analytic, directive, conceptual and/or behavioral/participative processes * They are responsible for strategic decisions. * They have to chalk out the plan and see that plan may be effective in the future. * They are executive in nature. Middle management:- * Mid-level managers have a specialized understanding of certain managerial tasks. * They are responsible for carrying out the decisions made by top-level management. Lower management:- * This level of management ensures that the decisions and plans taken by the other means employees. * Lower-level managers decisions are generally short-term ones. Management Theories:- These are three basic management theories:- Classical Viewpoint (scientific management, bureaucratic management, administrative management) Behavioral Viewpoint (Hawthorne studies, human relations movement, behavioral science approach) Quantitative Viewpoint (management science, operations management, management information systems) 1. Classical Viewpoint:-It includes Scientific management Bureaucratic management Administrative management Scientific management: Scientific management is defined as the use of the scientific method to define the one best way for a job to be done. Taylors Four Principles of Scientific Management:- 1. Study each part of the task scientifically, and develop a best method to perform it. 2. Carefully select workers and train them to perform a task using the scientifically developed method. 3. Cooperate fully with workers to ensure they use the proper method. 4. Divide work and responsibility so management is responsible for planning work methods using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing the work accordingly. Bureaucratic management:- GENERAL ADMINIST Characteristics of Webers ideal bureaucracy The major characteristics of Webers ideal bureaucracy include for an organization:- a. Specialization of a labor b. Formalization of rules and procedures c. Impersonality in application of rules and sanctions d. Formalization of lines of authority into a hierarchical structure Effectively. Max Weber Theory of Administrative Management:- The role of administrative management concludes that all activities that occur in business organizations could be divided into six main groups:- Technical (production, manufacturing) Commercial (buying, selling, exchange) Financial (obtaining and using capital) Security (protection of property and persons) Accounting (balance sheet, stocktaking, statistics, costing) Managerial (planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, controlling). Fayals 14 principles of management:- Division of labor: work must be subdivided to facilitate specialization; Authority: authority and responsibility should go hand in hand; Discipline; discipline is important to develop obedience, diligence, energy and respect; Unity of command: subordinates must report to one superior; Unity of direction: all operations with the same objective must have one manager and one plan; Subordination of individual interest to general interest: the interest of one individual or group should not dominate the interest of the enterprise as a whole; Remuneration: remuneration and all other methods of payment should be fair; Centralization: managers always hold final responsibility but should delegate certain authority to subordinates; Scalar chain: a clear line of authority or chain of command should extend from the highest to the lowest level of an enterprise. This helps to ensure an orderly flow of information and complements the principle of unity of command; Order: there is a place for everything and everything in its place. Proper scheduling of work and timetables to complete work is important. This can facilitate the channeling of materials to the right place at the right time; Equity: employees should be treated with kindness and justice; Stability of tenure of personnel: management should work towards obtaining long-term commitments from staff and avoid unnecessary turnover of staff which is costly and works against overall goal accomplishment; Initiative: workers should feel like an active part of the organization through conceiving and executing plans in order to develop their capacity to the fullest; Esprit de corps: harmony and union help to build the strength of an enterprise. It is an extension of the principle of unity of command, emphasizing the need for teamwork and the importance of communication. Contribution of the classical viewpoint for an organization:- Highlights the need for a scientific approach to management. Points out that work methods often can be improved through study. Identifies a number of important principles that are useful in running organization efficiently. 2. Behavioral Viewpoint: -From this viewpoint of management of personal reactions (thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) rather than solely from the problem-solving perspective, this orientation involves conceptual input and feedback interwoven with trainee self-examination and practice of new behaviors in a structured human relations training context. Hawthorne studies: -The Hawthorne studies, initially undertake to investigate the relationship between work-place conditions and worker productivity, introduced a wide range of topics to the field of management study. individual work behavior is driven by a complex set of factors, work groups develop norms which mediate between the needs of the individual and institution, employees should not be considered appendages of machinery, awareness of employee sentiments and participation can reduce resistance to change, the workplace is an interlocking social system, not simply production system, social structure maintained through Symbols of prestige and power These findings opened the door to the study of client-centered therapy, small group behavior, and organization theory and research methodology. Human Relations Movement: It is defined as a movement in management thinking and practice that emphasized satisfaction of employees basic needs as the key to increased worker productivity. Because it is impossible to cover all aspects of the human relations movement, I will relate the Hawthorne Studies and focus on three key points to discuss the advantages and problems 1. Respecting and concerning with workers 2. Understanding and satisfying the employees wants and needs 3. Working together and encouraging workers. The reason workers are motivated by such things is that individuals have a deep psychological need to believe that their organization cares about them, is open, concerned, and willing to listen. Human Relations Movement Behavioral science approach: The behavioral approach to view management from a social and psychological perspective. This concern about the well-being of the workers and wants them to be treated as people, not as a part of the machines. Introduction to the behavioral science approach Advocates of the human relations movement believe that if managers focused on employees rather than on mechanistic production, then workers would become more satisfied and thus, more productive. They supported the notion that managers should be paternalistic and nurturing in order to build work groups that could be productive and satisfied. The behavioral science movement stressed the need for scientific studies of the human element of organizations. This model for management emphasizes the need for employees to grow and develop in order to maintain a high level of self-respect and remain productive workers. Theory X and Theory Y developed by Douglas McGregor also emphasized about these things. 3. Quantitative Viewpoint: -Quantitative Management (also known as Operations Research) of a systematic and scientific approach to problem solving and decision making in complex Environments and situations of uncertainty and conflict act. Quantitative Management is a practical field. It can be applied in many areas: manufacturing, businesses management, banking, environmental planning, mining, housing and engineering projects, management consultancy in fact, in every situation where numerical data are available and management or decision making takes place. Management Science:- A discipline(a branch of knowledge)that attempts to aid managerial decision making by applying a scientific approach to managerial problems that involve quantitative factors ,management science is also called operations research (OR).A rational, structured approach to problem solving and often takes a quantitative view of decision making. Operations management: -Operations management is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as little resource as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and services). Operations traditionally refer to the production of goods and services separately, although the distinction between these two main types of operations is increasingly difficult to make as manufacturers tend to merge product and service offerings. More generally, Operations Management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process. Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (see Marketing) for optimal enterprise performance. Management information system: -A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy systems applied in operational activities in the organization. Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems. Information is the lifeblood of all organizations now more than ever. MIS professionals work as systems analysts, project managers, systems administrators, etc., communicating directly with staff and management across the organization. APPLICATION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES The above mentioned theories play an active role in framing any organization and company nowadays. If well-implemented, these theories can bring out the best in an organization leading to tremendous progress, both financially and productively. Kingfisher is one such company utilizing the merits offered by these management and administrative theories. Implementation of Scientific management Employee Recruitment: Kingfisher follows a very transparent policy in its employee recruitment system. For the job to be done it is of almost importance that the individual must be well-qualified and should possess the right skills or tools; and this is exactly what Kingfisher considers during its selection-process. Training and development: Kingfisher followed by detailed training and development programmer for their new recruits, they are familiar with the operating environment, and trained to provide the company wants and needs.  Employees are trained in their specific areas such as company decides the tasks to be performed by workers. Division of labor: Kingfisher goes a well Structured Hierarchy of authority to cause minimum fuss management. Work here is evenly divided between management and Employees, as each is given work appropriate to them. In Kingfisher, no particular section is to Burdened with excessive work, in a proper division of labor. Standardization: A specific pattern is set for the work to be carried out at Kingfisher and everyone is well-aware of their duties and responsibilities. Before starting any job, our company first decides the way to carry out that job, resulting in standardization. Work place environment: Kingfisher competitive and creative attempt to exceed an employees ability to protect them across borders and good spirit of cooperation between workers Companion spirit of fair play, the companys smooth operation and a healthy work environment. IMPLEMENTATION OF BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT: Distribution of workload: Our company, Kingfisher completely concurs with Max Weber when he describes distribution of work as one of the traits in bureaucracy. Here at Kingfisher, there is even division of workload and no extra stress in put on our employees. Defined hierarchy: Work done really effectively and professionally at Kingfisher as we followed a very well-defined hierarchy.  Our institution is a full hierarchy of structure and, therefore, highly proficient We Kingfisher fully working manners and ethics, which is vital for all organizations.  Detailed rules and regulations are strictly according to our life and work is always done with established and appointed .Impersonal relationship: Abandoned in favor of strictly on our company as we believe that a person should hold office based on their work and not because of personal contacts or social status.  Corruption is an aspect that can never be found in kingfisher.  Due to the transparency of our company. Formal authority: The position that each and every employee holds is made clear in our company so that the manager can exercise his/her formal authority at the workplace. Technical competence: Only those who meet the conditions sufficient for the job is placed in the position of our company.  The work-related concerns with other responsibilities and authority that does not interfere with the proper development to four companies. Thus, by applying the theory of manaeaucracy by Weber always, our organization has successfully achieved the maximum production employed and our employees, while maintaining good employees satisfaction corruption and  favoritism are not really pleased IMPLEMENTATION OF ADMINSTRATIVE MANAGEMENT Forecasting and planning: Kingfisher has a team of dedicated professionals working on the future of our organization.  We always plan ahead and predict any kind of obstacle or obstacles in our path and plan to remove them accordingly.  Strategic planning is important. Organization: Our concept of organization is one of the most famous one, companies in the world.  We are aware of the extensive development of our people, and service resources. Co-ordination: As our business is distributed in various regions, there is a high priority as well coordinated, and thats exactly what we are trying to do with Kingfisher.  Without proper coordination, the company has not reached the heights, where we are today.  Teamwork is very bad Commanding: We are the king, who was scheduled to due to the different commands to be run smoothly and our work processes.  It is responsible for as they get the job, which means that the body knows that these people. Controlling: For companies to motivate employees and their location to their needs.  They motivate employees to run the programmer.  Employees or reward your efforts, simply ask them to achieve the objectives of the mission.  To maximize the motivation of the staff and very useful discussion about incentive APPLICATION OF BEHAVIORAL VEOPOINT Application of Hawthorne studies: For companies to motivate employees, their needs for their position.  They run employee motivation programmer.  Employees to achieve the objectives of their duties or simply for your efforts rewarded well ask.  To maximize employee motivation, the motivation of employees through a very useful discussion about following procedures and staff. The company is Changing the pay rules so that the group was paid for overall group production, not individual production. Providing food during the breaks. shortening the day by 1 hour Parts time jobs available for newcomers. Application of human relation movement: The company Kingfishers approaching each employee as a source of unique knowledge with something valuable to contribute to the company. The company is taking care of employees needs to do the job in Mechatronics. Communication of expectation of employees keeping the goal in mind. Knowing their goals, their stressors, what excites them and how they each define success? By providing good training. The company takes feedback of employees. Providing Reward and recognizing employees in ways that are meaningful to them Keeping success story alive Being consistent in every work which is related with employees. Application of behavioral science approach: Job rotation: Cross training staff, teaching staff or each others work. Expand your knowledge and ability to work Expansion of jobs in Mechatronics: employees are given a wider breadth of tasks and responsibilities within our jobber close to work and increase the depth of the responsibilities of employees. Organizational Behavior: This is my understanding of organizational behavior is the way people communicate he work environment.   Through the study of organizational behavior,we can know each other better and in ways to cooperate.   Kingfisher depends on the individual services, as well as the organizations management. Therefore, it can help understand the individuals quality of work.  I found my organization Kingfisher all these things. Contribute a better translation Marketing and Consumer Behavior: Kingfisher marketing attempt to influence this process with examples of marketing when consumers evaluate a brand they are trying to get an overview of installation services allows the consumer to decide whether to think about it.  Some brands of evaluation criteria may include price, brand, flavor, functional features, style, and sometimes the way consumers feel of an enterprise of an organization of their choice. Resolving Conflicts: The case is structured so that you understand why and how the kingfisher was constantly harassed by HR problems.  We should be able to see the pilots and other workers using arm tactics to get back to IA to accept all their demands.  This case also provides insight into how his treatment IA HR issues in dreams have contributed to the overall mess that found themselves in kingfisher Training: Generally the training in Kingfisher. Happens in these terms- a) Managing Teams b) Managing Emotions c) Strategies for Peak Performance d) Managerial Wisdom e) Problems Solving Decision Making Application of Quantitative Management Application of Management Science: In the Kingfisher the management system is used by Scheduling Kingfishers, both planes and crew, Deciding the appropriate place to site new facilities such as a warehouse or factory, Managing the flow of water from reservoirs, Identifying possible future development paths for parts of the telecommunications industry, Establishing the information needs and appropriate systems to supply them within the health service, and Identifying and understanding the strategies adopted by companies for their information systems. Application of operational management: Operations management  is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that  business operations  are  efficient  in terms of using as little resource as needed, and  effective  in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs Operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services.   great deal of focus is on efficiency and effectiveness of processes. Therefore, operations management often includes substantial measurement and analysis of internal processes. Ultimately, the nature of how operations management is carried out in an organization depends very much on the nature of products or services in the organization, for example, retail, manufacturing, wholesale, etc Sections of This Topic Include:- Procurement (Purchasing) Practices This topic reviews guidelines for buying various materials from suppliers and vendors materials, including computers, services from lawyers, insurance, etc Management Control and Coordinating Function Management control and coordination includes a broad range of activities to ensure that organizational goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient fashion.   Product and Service Management As noted above, the major activities involved in product and service management are similar to those in operations management. However, operations management is focused on the operations of the entire organization, rather than managing a product or service. Quality Management Quality management is crucial to effective operations management, particularly continuous improvement. More recent advancements in quality, such as benchmarking and Total Quality Management, have resulted in advancements to operations management as well. Logistics and Transportation Management Logistics is focused on the flow of materials and goods from suppliers, through the organization and to the customers, with priority on efficiency and cost effectiveness Facilities Management Effective operations management depends a great deal on effective management of facilities, such as buildings, computer systems, signage, lighting, etc. Configuration Management Its important to track the various versions of products and services. Consider the various versions of software that continually are produced, each with its own version number. Tracking these versions is configuration management. Distribution Channels The means of distribution depend very much on the nature of the product or service Applications of management information system The company is implementing Management Information Systems (MIS) is the term given to the discipline focused on the integration of computer systems with the aims and objectives on an organization The development and management of information technology tools assists executives and the general workforce in performing any tasks related to the processing of information. MIS and business systems are especially useful in the collation of business data and the production of reports to be used as tools for decision making. Applications of MIS With computers being as ubiquitous as they are today, theres hardly any large business that does not rely extensively on their IT systems Strategy Support- While computers cannot create business strategies by themselves they can assist management in understanding the effects of their strategies, and help enable effective decision-making. Data Processing- Not only do MIS systems allow for the collation of vast amounts of business data, but they also provide a valuable time saving benefit to the workforce. Where in the past business information had to be manually processed for filing and analysis it can now be entered quickly and easily onto a computer by a data processor, allowing for faster decision making and quicker reflexes for the enterprise as a whole. Benefits of MIS- The field of MIS can deliver a great many benefits to enterprises in every industry. Expert organizations such as the Institute of MIS along with peer reviewed journals such as MIS Quarterly continue to find and report new ways to use MIS to achieve business object Core Competencies- Every market leading enterprise will have at least one core competency that is, a function they perform better than their competition. Enhance Supply Chain Management- Improved reporting of business processes leads inevitably to a more streamlined production process. With better information on the production process comes the ability to improve the management of the supply chain, including everything from the sourcing of materials to the manufacturing and distribution of the finished product. CONCLUSION After completing my report on Aviation Industry take the example of Kingfisher World Corporation, a leader in the provision of flight simulators I found that all companies use the four-management laws, which I have discussed only three. Kingfisher Systems, Incorporations designs and manufactures flight training devices and flight simulators.  It offers pilot training tools for ground school, distance learning and flight training, Nova, a car park management system that provides access to information such as occupancy or the status of parked vehicles Valorous, a treatment for municipal and industrial sludge generated by wastewater treatment plants.  The company serves aviation market, including commercial and general aviation.  It serves customers in North and Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Middle East and Oceania markets.  Kingfisher Inc. was founded in 1953. The company uses all managerial laws in accordance with their employees.  The company has so many different flight simulators, so many different flight training equipment solutions for all types of flights, to customer support media centers, technical center, take it in progressive way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ultimately we learned after completing this project, it is easy to manage an organization, resources, if we know all about governance. REFRENCES Airline quality of Kingfisher http://www.airlinequality.com/Forum/kingfisher.htm , last accessed on 29, March 2010 Books at red

An analysis of attempts deal with the problem of smuggling of human beings Essay

1. Introduction There are many factors that entice some people to use illegal means to reach the United States, the member states of the European Union and other countries. One of the illegal means is through human smuggling. Two of the main reasons are pegged on social as well as economic ties. Other reasons could be   the political instability, armed conflict, rapid population growth, environmental degradation, widening economic disparities between countries, and a worsening unemployment crisis in the Asia Pacific region are only a few of the reasons that have sparked several waves of human smuggling activities. Human smuggling always entails people leaving their home country where their loved ones are waiting for them to send back home money to pay for their family’s daily expenses. For, humans exhort to violating the immigration laws of their decision countries by entering through the smuggling channels because in order to acquire that elusive bag of gold offered in the destination country. In Congo, humans are smuggled to Europe by passing them off as musicians and dancers (Bafalikike 2003, 65).   This bag of gold includes protection from dangers to their life back home, employment, higher wages and a better life. Thus, these people are forced to leave their country of origin either voluntarily or   even involuntarily to improve their life to secure their lives, to secure their families and friends and their properties back home (Hampson, and Hay 2004). 2. Smuggling Operation-The Organisation Human Smuggling   from China to the United States has a long history. This started with the United States interpretation of the term refugee in 1996. Consequently, the last ten years saw the human smuggling of Chinese citizens   has increased   from a small –scale regional movement to a major global enterprise (Kung 2000, 1271). The Chinese smuggling network is run by big snakeheads that have institutionalized networks of small snakeheads, debt collectors and enforcers. With the good relationship with local Chinese government officials, many snakeheads   present themselves as philanthropists for they donate large sums of corruption money to improve their chosen home villages (Smith 2002). The smuggled humans do not ever meet these snakeheads but are only in communication with the snakeheads’ representatives or employees. Some of the smaller snakeheads are local Chinese residents who entice customers and collect down payments. In addition, droves of middlemen   tour the human smuggles from one transit point to the next until they reach their destination – United States. Upon arrival on the United States shores, these human smuggles are then imprisoned by the tour guides until they pay their fees. The big snakeheads normally hire gang members to collect the human smuggles’ debts. However, there is no flagrant evidence that organized crime holds the strings in the Chinese human smuggling business (Ruddock 2001). Evidently, the Chinese human smuggling business is controlled by so -called enterpreneurs who are involved in several criminal activities(Jandl, 2004). The tour guides and entrepreneurs juicily talk to their hapless victims that they have to pay only a small monetary price in exchange for a richer life in the United States. Thus, the willing Chinese victims endure the dangerous travel by sea, air and land in inhuman conditions that are worsened by the violent abuses of the enforcers (Chu 2000, 111). The entrepreneurs or Chinese smugglers   charges very exorbitant fees ranging from $30,000 to $60,000 for each person for their human smuggling services. To ensure success, the human smuggles pay   the smugglers lots of money in exchange for   passage through the high seas. The Chinese smuggles then are not forced to as indentured servants in American food services establishments or sweatshops to pay their smugglers. In fact, human smuggling has increased in alarming rate more (O’Rourke 2002, p1). For, the smugglers immediately collect the human smuggles’ debts from the friends and relatives of the newly arrived Chinese human smuggles in full upon arrival in the United States. Consequently, the smugglers will torture the human smuggles and inform the relatives that further harm will continue thus forcing their relatives and friends to pay the human smuggles’ debts if payment has not been made generally in one week’s time (Jandl, 2004). Usually, the Chinese human smuggles come from the Chinese province of Fujian. The smuggling networks starting the 1980s have already smuggled more than ten thousand Fujians into the United States. Fujian lies along the coastal Mainland side of China which is the main Chinese shipping route for export and import of goods.   In fact, Fujian is the birthplace of the founder of the Chinese Triad, San Lian Hui, which is the center of Chinese Smuggling. Human smuggling here was ignited when the war brought about by the Qing dynasty in the 19th century where thousands of Fujians fled the island to escape the war   and financial hardships then. The main source of the Fujian human smuggles are people living around Fuzhou City in the northern part of Fujian province. Here, several villages are housed many Chinese whose relatives are in the United States. The residents here are dependent on the money sent from their relatives in the United States. Unquestionably, money is the push factor that has forced many Chinese to illegally enter the United States. Along this line, many Chinese officials are being corrupted to allow a smooth transfer of the Chinese smuggles outside of China which weakens most levels of the Chinese society (Jandl, 2004). Further, one expert clarified that corruption of Chinese government officials plus the decentralization of the Chinese economy erupted into a massive unrest in the Chinese Society. Thus, this unrest increased the number of Chinese smuggled outside of China. The Chinese government could not stop the human smuggling because the Chinese officials in the smuggling areas were corrupt and cared more about the money they will receive through bribes than implementing the Chinese government’s efforts to curtail human smuggling in China. The ordinary Chinese citizen finds it an uphill climb in terms of procuring travel documents to enter the United States. On the other hand, the rich, educated and professional Chinese residents can easily travel abroad including the United States and members of the European Union States. For, the Chinese government are very strict in giving out passports to Chinese people applying for permission to go abroad. Normally, the legal way to go the United States includes applying for a passport from their local village officials. Then, the visa and passport applicant will apply at the United States Embassy in Beijing or the Consulate in Guangzhou.   After, the Chinese applicant must   apply with the Public Security Bureau for the final document needed to leave China. The final paper is the exit permit. However, there are many bureaucratic obstacles hounding the application in every step of the application process (Lubbers 2002). The human smugglers ply their trade by giving their clients fake documents   and passage to the United States.   Also, the lax immigration checkpoints in China and the transit countries until the United States have made human smuggling a very profitable and happy encounter. For, the smugglers make lots of money in return for a happy arrival into the United States. In addition, other authorities offer high prices to give their passports to clients. In addition, Chinese government officials themselves pay the human smugglers to smuggle their families and friends into the United States at an obviously discounted price.   The human smuggling travel passes through several transit points. There are dangers along bend of the way. The trip takes from a few weeks to even a year. The ride passes through Southeast Asian countries, Europe and South or Central America The human smuggles are at the mercy of the snakeheads and the enforcers. Not all human smuggling was successful. On June, 1993, the freighter Golden Venture ran aground in New York. It was discovered that more than three hundred Chinese smuggles were packed in 800 square feet of cargo space and had been at sea for more than three months with little food and water, no lifer preservers and only one ladder as escape route in case of danger. Upon discovery, an estimated two hundred Chinese smuggles jumped ship and swim across the literally ice –cold New York waters ashore where more than ten people died from froze bite   swimming in the freezing water. Ten of the migrants died while trying to reach the shore(Schneider, Steiner, and Romaine 2003). In addition, the early nineties saw thirty two ships carrying a total of more than five thousand Chinese migrants traveling towards the United States that were caught   many stop –over points in Asia, South America and Europe. After the Golden Venture Crackdown, still continued to brave the odds that were heavily stocked in miniscule fashion in the Chinese smuggles’ favour in fishing boats. In fact, one United States INS   officer   stated that at any given point in time, thirty thousand Chinese are   literary packed in sardine like safe houses around the world waiting for that rare and opportune time to enter the United States through the discreet smuggle entry points. Importantly, any clear and fast distinction between human smuggling and human trafficking seems spurious (Skeldon 2003 p.1). In 1998, the United States INS service uncovered a criminal syndicate that focused on smuggling up to one hundred fifty Chinese people per month into the United States through the Canadian border (Smart, 994, p 98). The criminal syndicate’s network encompassed five continents because they earn lots of money in this illegal activity. The method was to smuggle the Chinese through Canada by giving them fake passports. The Chinese smuggles then   were sent to New York City passing through the Saint Regis Mohawk Territory at Akwesasne. This was an American Indian Reserve the lies between the boundary of the United States and Canada.   This smuggling was busted and thirty seven members of the smuggling ring were jailed.   After the Canada bust, the smugglers focused their entry point through Mexico City (Cholewinski 1997, 4). Smuggling humans through Mexico had declined during the Great Depression of 1929 (Hansen 2006; Spener and Staudt 1998, null5). Recently, the Chinese smuggling ring is using Guam as its stop –over point (Jandl, 2004). Furthermore, many human smugglers use commercial airplanes to deliver their human smuggles so that the coast guard and the border patrol could not find them. Flying the human smuggles through the air lanes was more successful and comfortable as compared to the overly tight border patrols. The Chinese smuggles would wait an average of two months for their fake travel documents to arrives so they could fly to the United States passing through Asia, Europe and other transit points. It is difficult to estimate the magnitude of the human smuggles because of their discreet operations (Guiraudon and Joppke 2001, 107). When caught by the INS people, the Snake heads instruct their Chinese smuggles to say that they are applying for political asylum because they are escaping China’s one child policy (Newman and Van Selm 2003, 9). Then, the snake heads hire lawyers to get the smuggles on parole and out of jail. After leaving jail, the Chinese Smuggles then disappear in the Chinese communities hide from detection. In reality though, the United States benefits from the cheap labor that these Chinese smuggles offer (Jandl, 2004). 3. Protocols The United States INS detention centers could not keep the overbulging Chinese human smuggles who come in droves and in regularly smuggled fashion.   The current US jails could not keep the surge of Chinese human smuggles arriving.   And, a Chinese woman was jailed by the United States INS in October 24, 1999 who gave birth in a United States Jail. The jail guards rushed the pregnant mother to the nearest hospital. Naturally, many human rights groups including the American Civil Liberties Union have complained that jailing the human smuggles are a violation of their human rights. For, the jail was a harsh environment taking into consideration the hardships these Chinese had to face for three or more months inside inhuman ocean going containers. Despite the eighteen arrests of Chinese Stowaways in another ship in Seattle and the detention of more then two hundred Chinese human smuggles found in container vans bound for the United States and Canada, there are still more that have not be caught. The series of successful detection of the Chinese smuggles that were smuggled as part of cargo in ships is used by the United States INS as proof that they are successful in their endeavor to decrease or even stop the rampant human smuggling into the United States passing through the European Union countries, Asia, Canada, Mexico and the like. The difficulty in detecting the Chinese smuggles is because there are too many cargoes loaded in a Cargo ship. In addition, many of the shipping companies and their crew do not know if their ship is carrying human smuggles. In response, the United States INS are holding responsible the shipping lines if human smuggles are discovered hiding in their ships. To stave off the proliferation of human smuggling, the United States makes it a criminal offense for anyone to bring or to aid in bringing human smuggles into the United States.   Likewise, it is considered a violation of the United States law if a person aids in the smuggling of persons into the United States. In addition, any person who entices another to enter the United States illegally will be punished with the full strength of the United States law. The penalty for human smuggling could reach up to five years. In addition, the enticing human smuggler will pay dearly if his human smuggle dies on board. However, if the human smuggling is done on a large scale or business –like basis, the penalty would be fifty dollars. However, these sentences will not stop the Chinese smuggles from entering the United States through sheer luck.   The United States Congress in 1996 placed human smuggling and immigration related visa fraud as RICO predicate offense. The RICO approach focuses on the leaders of the smuggling rings and not on the smuggling middle men. The violation of the RICO protocol will give out a fine that may include imprisonment of up to twenty years (Jandl, 2004). The United States had partnered with the United States address human smuggling. However, the focus on the United Nations is on the human trafficking of women and children and also white slavery. Combating human smuggling is a combined world –wide effort. However, corruption of local governments officials in China and other countries had made the curtailment of human smuggling next to nothing.     Ã‚  In reality, the detection of Chinese human smuggles are generally successful if someone secretly tips the border patrols on possible hideouts of the jail escapees   (Kyle, 2003). Developed countries are trying to find ways to curtail human smuggling. However, they   are against any policy that would reduce the demand for illegal workers. Evidently, the more there are strict immigration policies, the more will be the smuggler’s will to smuggle people because of the money involved (Kyle, 2003).

Video Games as Art

Video Games as Art Dylan Armitage December 10th, 2012 100883983 Video Games Are Art Are video games art? Up until the early 21st century, the dominant ideology surrounding this topic is resounding â€Å"No†. Art critics, such as Roger Ebert that state â€Å"video games cannot be art. † (Roger Ebert's Journal), and philosophers continually dismiss the idea. This ideology is no longer an accepted truth. I will argue that video games are a form of art.Video Games have gone from simple games and concepts such as Pong (1975) to modern day, epic titles like Uncharted 3 (2011), and with that they have evolved from simple forms of entertainment to as sophisticated a form of art as any. Video games evoke great emotion from the players, much like the audience of any other form of art. Video games also should be considered a form of art because of the vast amount of tools and media that are combined to create the games that we play today.The list of games that can be considered ar t increases each year and it spans over many generations, consoles, and genres. Art is defined as â€Å"The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination,†. According to this definition, if things such as paintings, film and music are considered to be art, then video games clearly fall into the category as well. Video games today are as creative as anything. Video games allow for so much creative freedom to create any setting, any character and have the ability to interact with all of those and create a new world.Games take creativity and allow you to immerse yourself within it. In games like the series of Mass Effect (2007-2012), you are able to put a certain amount of creative input into the game yourself. You dictate many facets of the game. You can customize your character, whether it be gender, race or just the general way your character looks. Secondly, your decisions affect the world of the game. You can dictate what your character says and through that change the course of events and how other characters in the game think of you. It is essentially a new world.The game includes it's own lore, deals with issues that we deal with today but in a new world and in a more lighthearted fashion that definitely makes the player think. These issues include those of race barriers and the fear of technology taking over. When it comes to actual labour going into a game, it is very similar to that of a film. They include things such as motion capture. Which is essentially capturing the real life movements of someone and that translates to a sort of acting. The second element of that acting is contributed to the voice-over acting for characters.This gives freedom of imagination to match any human with any voice you wish. The list then goes on for ages to include animators, set designers, sound designers and much more. The credits to people at the end of the games are much like that of movies and it all contributes to a fantastically entertai ning piece of art. Many people view games as simply a form of entertainment. While they are indeed entertaining, they should be considered forms of art for many different reasons. Art evokes emotion, whether it be from a beautiful orchestral medley or a gorgeous landscape painting. Video games do the same.In the modern day gaming industry, games are more than just getting from beginning to end and win the game, they involve the player in many ways. In The Walking Dead: The Game (2012), you are put in control of Lee Everett, a former university professor who is on his way to prison. The game is very unorthodox in many ways, it is much less about having action-packed gameplay or incredibly realistic graphics. It is focused on engrossing the player in the story and with the characters. It involves some point and click battles, which is necessary for the setting it takes place in, but it is heavily focused on choice.Everything you do in the game has an effect. Whether it be from not giv ing someone a portion of rations or choosing to side with someone in an argument. The game world adapts to the choices you make and it all relies on the player. With such involvement the player finds themselves greatly committed emotionally to all facets of the game. The involvement tests a lot of boundaries with human emotion. â€Å"It explores the depths of human tolerance, dissecting what it means to survive in the worst possible scenario, and what it means to keep someone you love alive in the same situation. (Joystiq) Through this, it evokes incredible emotion from the player. Video games can even mix elements of many other artistic media. Taking that into account, video games can do everything that all other artistic media can, but it can be packaged into one outlet. You get the wonderful story and script of a wonderfully written book but with you as the main character, effecting the world how you see fit. The stories of video games have become increasingly more complex and c ompelling. They even draw interest of film and novel writers and elements from other artistic works.The Walking Dead: The Game from Telltale Games is a great example of this. The video game draws from The Walking Dead television series on AMC and the television series draws from a graphic novel with the same name. This franchise is a great example of how different artistic media can draw from each other. All instances of the series are written by Robert Kirkman, the creator of the graphic novel series. The mainstream success of all these series are a testament to how the art that is The Walking Dead can be conveyed with great success whether it be the novels, the show or the game.Another great example of a writer of film getting interested in video games is John Milius, writer of Apocalypse Now (1979) and Red Dawn (1984) being a story consultant to the video game closely related to his screenplays, Homefront (2011). You get the epic landscapes and imagery of film but with the freedo m to explore and interact with it. In the game Far Cry 3 (2012) you play as Jason Brody and you are on an island called Rook Island which is inspired by a real tropical island. You are abducted along with your friends and you escape, determined to rescue all of them.The game is open-world, which gives the freedom to do almost anything within the limit of the game world. You don't even have to follow the games' story, which has received critical acclaim. You can explore the absolutely stunning scenery of the island, you can go hunt the local wildlife, you can go climbing or even sky-diving. The setting is very appealing and draws you in like any film would but also allows you to interact and do whatever you wish with the world given to you. There are also games that allow you to interact with the world without even starting to play the real game.Call of Duty: Black Ops (2010) has an interactive section at the main menu of the game. If you were to mash certain buttons enough, you were able to walk around the room that the main menu is taking place in. You can even walk over to an arcade machine and play a game inside of the game. The same can be seen in the newest instalment, Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 (2012) a similar section can be seen where you can interact with the world to play multiple games from the original Atari gaming console. You also the get the beautiful noise of the in-game sound effects and soundtrack.The audio of video games has evolved from simple, silly sounding noises and no dialogue to complete orchestral scores throughout the game and Hollywood famous actors voicing in-game characters. Actors that have made the transition to video games include Sam Worthington of in Call of Duty: Black Ops 1 and 2, Seth Green in the Mass Effect series and Burt Reynolds in Saints Row: The Third (2011). The sound of a video game has come from the game Pong that only has three noises, the sound of the ball hitting the paddle, the sound of the ball hitting the s idelines and then the sound of a point being scored.This can not be attributed to be art as far as audio goes. In contrast, the soundtrack for Journey (2012) has been nominated for a Grammy. Gaming soundtracks have evolved to the point of having individual tracks for certain situations or scenes that involve an entire orchestra, much like a film. The soundtrack for Journey is among the company of other artistic wonders in film as well as sound such as The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Hugo (2011), and The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo (2011).All of these media combine to form the art that is video games. Now that the ground for all the aspects of a video game being art have been established, which games fall into that category and reinforce that ideal? Many games fall under all the criteria but some stand out when it comes to the different aspects. The creativity of video games is very evident throughout almost all video games but it is much more evident in the games of Mass Effect and De ad Space 2 (2011).Mass Effect creates this vast world that includes multiple races, new planets and interesting lore that embody great creativity in video games. Creativity is also given to the players who are able to customize the character and how the character acts which dictates events and action within the story world. Dead Space 2 creates a vast world as well with great lore and the thought of where humanity would go as far as a space society. The game also talks about the issue of religion governing the state. This comes up in many ways including the game's main conflict.The game also draw on the very interesting and creative aspect of not knowing if certain things are really happening, much like the game Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem (2002). The sanity of the character is never really certain and you are constantly doubting yourself as well as what is occurring. When it comes to emotional engagement, two games stand out. The Walking Dead: The Game and Heavy Rain (2010). The Walking Dead: The Game engages the player in an extravagant world with interactive environments and characters.It engages you with the characters and deals with realistic issues regarding the time and place while developing an emotional connection to the story and characters. By the time the game is complete, you are torn through all the choices you've made and with the emotionally testing relationship between Lee, the character you play as, and Clementine, the little girl you take care of throughout the game. The other game that engages the player emotionally in a great way is Heavy Rain. The game puts the the player in the shoes of Ethan and tests what the player is willing to go to to save his son.You have the ability to push the character through the trials that reveal where his son is being held but with more information being revealed the closer to death Ethan becomes. As far as including all the artistic media, many games stand out. When it comes to the great writing of novels and screenplays, games such as The Walking Dead: The Game and Homefront use the talents of credited author and screenwriters to convey a great story through rich dialogue. The interactivity of games and beautiful set pieces is shown through games such as Far Cry 3 and Red Dead Redemption (2010).In these worlds, great freedom is introduced which allows you to do really anything you desire through the many different characters, wildlife and locations the game introduces. Great strides in audio are introduced through games such as Mass Effect that include voice-actors such as Seth Green of Family Guy and Yvonne Strahovski of Dexter and the beautiful sounding and Grammy nominated soundtrack of Journey. In conclusion, the dominant ideology that video games are not art is a thing of the past.Through the emotional engagement of games today, video games evoke as much emotion as any other work of art. Through it's creativity and ability to create any universe as you see fit, much like other media. Video games also combine many different forms of media to create a brand new artistic form that is video games. They use great set pieces, beautiful audio through orchestra or voice over. Video games have evolved greatly from small beginnings and the list of examples is increasing very quickly. Through all these reasons and examples, video games are art.Clarke, Andy, Videogames and Art. Chicago: Intellect Books, 2007. Conditt, Jessica â€Å"The Walking Dead Episode 5 review: All the time in the world† Joystiq. 26 Nov 2012, 8 Dec 2012 Ebert, Roger â€Å"Video Games cannot be Art. † Roger Ebert's Journal. 16 Apr 2010, 8 Dec 2012 ;http://blogs. suntimes. com/ebert/2010/04/video_games_can_never_be_art. html; Helgeson, Matt â€Å"The Great Debate: Are Games Art? † Game Informer. 1 May. 2012, 8 Dec 2012 ;http://www. gameinformer. om/b/features/archive/2012/05/01/the-great-debate-are-games-art. aspx; Melissinos, Chris, The Art of Video Games: From Pac-ma n to Mass Effect. New York: Welcome Books, 2012. Tavinor, Grant 2005. â€Å"Videogames and Interactive Fiction,†Ã‚  Philosophy and Literature  April 2005, vol. 29, no. 1. Tavinor, Grant 2009. The Art of Videogames. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Young, Robert â€Å"Gaming's first Grammy nomination† Neoseeker. 5 Dec 2012, 8 Dec 2012

Chronic Offenders Essays

Chronic Offenders Essays Chronic Offenders Paper Chronic Offenders Paper Chronic Offenders Chronic offenders execute serious crimes repetitively. According to criminal data obtained by the Office of the Legislative Auditor in the state of Minnesota, criminal offenders severely perpetrate different kinds of crimes in different areas of the country. (Yunker, Bombach, Meyerhoff)The build-up of offenses leads to criminal careers. The concept of criminal careers refers to crimes committed by an individual that occurs one after the other extendedly. Moreover, the concept of criminal careers focus on the involvement of individuals to crimes, characterization of offenders and non-offenders, and the regularity of criminal activity by offenders. (Blumstein, Cohen, Roth Visher, 12)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the major reasons why offenders commit crime unceasingly is the lack of an integrated network system within and among states. The presence of a database that should be made available in all states is necessary in order to prevent chronic crimes. This confines justice systems in dealing with chronic offenders. Records of offenders and crimes committed should be made available not only in a nationwide system database, but also networks within states. Access to these databases will allow justice systems to make appropriate decisions for sanctioning chronic offenders. Although this need has been addressed by state governments, the process of establishing network databases still call for appropriation of financial resources. (Yunker, Bombach, Meyerhoff)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other reasons for â€Å"chronicity† of crimes include is failure of justice systems to acknowledge the fact that imprisonment does not solve the issue of chronic crimes. Most offenders have been in and out of prison, but serving their respective sentences does not eliminate their initiatives to commit crime after leaving prison. Other options should be looked in to as punishment, such as reintegration to society by involving them with community service, socialization programs, work positions, etc. Granting incentives is also an excellent way to encourage chronic offenders to fulfill orders by the justice system and laws mandated by the constitution. (Yunker, Bombach, Meyerhoff)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The government, the justice system, and law enforcement agencies should focus more on the needs of offenders. Chronic crimes occur because needs or issues of offenders are not addressed, causing them to continue executing crimes despite reprimand or imprisonment. Some chronic offenders have been diagnosed with mental illnesses, psychological problems, etc. These conditions are often left unresolved even after imprisonment permitting criminal activities to prolong and extend to even graver offenses. Stakeholders should not only focus on imprisonment, but also the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders to society. These solutions will ensure that offenders are transformed into healthy and productive members of society. (Oppal)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The chronic offender concept insinuates deficiencies on the part of law enforcement, the justice system, the government, and the community when it comes to dealing with crimes. The growing rate of offenders that commit crime continuously means that law enforcement agencies lack the capacity to foresee criminal patterns and aptitude to strategically prevent crime. (Blumstein, Cohen, Roth Visher, 109) Knowledge of a crime committed by a first-time offender should instantly furnish law enforcement agencies with important facts and details to predict increase or decrease in crime rate. Follow-through and supervision should also be integrated to the responsibilities of law enforcement agencies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aside from law enforcement agencies, chronic crimes also indicate deficiencies in the justice system, specifically sentencing policies. Sanctions granted to criminals by the justice system ideally reinforce criminal activities negatively. Sentences should eliminate criminal activity, and not encourage them. Therefore, offenders who have been sentenced but still commit crime after serving their sentence imply that sentencing policies are weak in realizing its purpose in fighting crime and bringing about justice. Absence of the government’s involvement in funding law enforcement purposes and evaluating the justice system and sentencing programs may be inferred from the nature of chronic crimes. Frequent offenses committed means that law enforcement agencies lack resources to improve services, realize full potential, and enact responsibilities competitively. Moreover, the government does not follow evaluation processes that will determ ine the strength and weaknesses of the justice system and sentencing programs. Only by addressing these concerns will chronic crimes be gradually resolved. Blumstein, Alfred, Cohen, Jacqueline, Roth, Jeffrey A., Visher, Christy A. (1986). â€Å"Criminal Careers and ‘Career Criminals’.† Retrieved from National Academy of Sciences. 11 September 2008. http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=922page=12. Oppal, Wally. (2006). â€Å"Crime, Safety and Chronic Offenders.† Retrieved from The Canadian   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bar Association. 11 September 2008. cba.org/bc/CBA_Publications/bartalk_12_06/guest_oppal.aspx

Picasso at the Lapin Agile by Steve Martin

Picasso at the Lapin Agile by Steve Martin Picasso at the Lapin Agile is written by the iconic comedian/actor/screenwriter/banjo aficionado Steve Martin. Set in a Parisian bar at the beginning of the 20th century (1904 to be more precise), the play imagines a comical encounter between Pablo Picasso and Albert Einstein, both of whom are in their early twenties and fully aware of their amazing potential. In addition to the two historical figures, the play is also populated with an amusingly incontinent barfly (Gaston), a gullible yet lovable bartender (Freddy), a wise waitress (Germaine), along with a few surprises that trounce in and out of the Lapin Agile. The play takes place in one non-stop scene, lasting approximately 80 to 90 minutes. There isnt much plot or conflict; however, there is a satisfying combination of whimsical nonsense and philosophic conversation. The Meeting of the Minds: How to spark the interest of the audience: Bring two (or more) historical figures together for the first time. Plays such as Picasso at the Lapin Agile belong to a genre all their own. In some cases, the fictionalized dialogue is rooted in an actual event, such as (four music legends for the price of one Broadway show). More imaginative revisions of history include plays such as The Meeting, a fabricated yet fascinating discussion between Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. One could also compare Martins play to more serious fare, such as Michael Frayns Copenhagen (which focuses on science and morality) and John Logans Red (which focuses on art and identity). However, Martins play rarely takes itself as seriously as the aforementioned dramas. Audience members who dont want to be bogged down with overly-academic monologs and excruciating historical accuracy will be charmed when they discover that Steve Martins work just skims the surface of much deeper intellectual waters. (If you want more depth in your theater, visit Tom Stoppard.) Low Comedy Vs. High Comedy Steve Martins comic stylings cover a broad range. He isnt above a fart joke, as indicated by his performance in the adolescent-pandering remake of The Pink Panther. However, as a writer, he is also capable of lofty, high-brow material. For example, his 1980s film Roxanne, screenplay by Martin, wonderfully adapted Cyrano de Bergerac setting the love story in a small Colorado town, circa 1980s. The protagonist, a long-nosed firefighter, delivers a remarkable monolog, an extensive list of self-insults about his own nose. The speech is hysterical to contemporary audiences, yet it also harkens back to the source material in clever ways. Martins versatility is exemplified when one compares his classic comedy The Jerk to his novel, a very subtle blend of humor and angst. The opening moments of Picasso at the Lapin Agile inform the audience that this play will be making several detours into the land of silliness. Albert Einstein walks into the bar, and when he identifies himself, the fourth wall is broken: Einstein: My name is Albert Einstein.Freddy: You cant be. You just cant be.Einstein: Sorry, Im not myself today. (He fluffs his hair, making himself look like Einstein.) Better?Freddy: No, no, thats not what I mean. In order of appearance.Einstein: Come again?Freddy: In order of appearance. youre not third. (Taking playbill from audience member.) Youre fourth. It says so right here: Cast in order of appearance. So, from the beginning, the audience is asked not to take this play too seriously. Presumably, this is when snobby historians walk out of the theater in a huff, leaving the rest of us to enjoy the story. Meet Einstein: Einstein stops in for a drink while waiting to meet his date (who will be meeting him at a different bar). To pass the time, happily listens to the locals converse, occasionally weighing in his perspective. When a young woman enters the bar and asks if Picasso has arrived yet, Einstein becomes curious about the artist. When he looks at a small piece of paper with a doodle by Picasso he says, I never thought the twentieth century would be handed to me so casually. However, it is up to the reader (or the actor) to decide how sincere or sarcastic Einstein is about the importance of Picassos work. For the most part, Einstein exhibits amusement. While the supporting characters bicker about the beauty of painting, Einstein knows that his scientific equations have a beauty of their own, one that will change humanitys perception of its place in the universe. Yet, he is not too boastful or arrogant, merely playful and enthusiastic about the 20th century. Meet Picasso: Did someone say arrogant? Martins portrayal of the egotistical Spanish artist isnt too far removed from other depictions, Anthony Hopkins, in the film Surviving Picasso, fills his characterization with machismo, passion, and blatant selfishness. So too is Martins, Picasso. However, this younger portrayal is feisty and funny, and more than a bit insecure when his rival Matisse enters the conversation. Picasso is a ladys, man. He is blatant about his obsession with the opposite sex, and he is also unrepentant about casting women aside once he has used them physically and emotionally. One of the most insightful monologs is delivered by the waitress, Germaine. She chastises him thoroughly for his misogynist ways, but it seems that Picasso is happy to listen to the criticism. As long as the conversation is about m, he is happy! Dueling with Pencils: Each characters high level of self-confidence draws him to one another, and the most engaging scene of the play takes place when Picasso and Einstein challenge each other to an artistic duel. They both dramatically raise a pencil. Picasso begins to draw. Einstein writes a formula. Both creative products, they claim, are beautiful. Overall, the play is light-hearted with a few dashes of intellectual moments for the audience to contemplate afterward. As one would hope from a play by Steve Martin there are more than a few quirky surprises, one of the zaniest being an oddball character named Schmendiman who purports to be as great as Einstein and Picasso, but who instead is simply a wild and crazy guy.

Edinburgh International Comedy Festival Assignment

Edinburgh International Comedy Festival - Assignment Example This company follows the services religiously to minimize the errors by double-checking. If a mistake occurs it has to be corrected sooner and then delivered to the people because if we make a mistake it would affect us for a long time as there are major long-term commitments we have made. Our operation managers keep check on every single thing that distinct our company from others as a signature like the type of music, lighting and sounds are chosen very carefully and so is our official logo of an importance that reflects our brand loyalty and recognition. The designed logo with the writing style and vivid colors represents the theme of our cafà © (Wong). It is very important to display our updated new official logo for the promotions of the event or advertising because it widely recognized all over the world and there are networks of shops where many tourists but the products or items with the official logo of Hard Rock Cafà © and the company is getting the 48% of the sale from m erchandise. Therefore it should be considered that all the customers and event participants might be getting into the confusion or may doubt the brand status by seeing the old logos at the websites and announcements promoting the annual event organized by your organization. I hope that you will try to prevent the usage of outdated logos of Hard Rock Cafà © and for the recent event promotions I would be grateful if you try your best to make changes in the web designs and announcement by the 1st of June so that we can together fix the blunders that could impact our brand reliability. This act of yours may prolong the benefits of the annual event Edinburgh International Comedy Festival.   

Purposes and Benefits of Strategic Planning Essay

Purposes and Benefits of Strategic Planning - Essay Example Another purpose is that it doesn't allow the firm to get distracted by the prevailing conditions whether good or bad, it is a job of Manager who has done strategic planning of the firm to ensure that all the necessary activities are carried out in a planned way so that no obstruction occurs. "Strategic objectives are normally ones to be achieved over the medium to long term. They may be financial such as a certain increase in earnings per share or non financial such as a percentage increase in market share. In theory they should be capable of being quantifiable and hence susceptible to measurement" (p. 11) "In business strategy involves forming a path for the organization to follow that will lead to products or services that customer will want. This will usually mean some kind of new departure for the business, requiring the leader to implement various tactics or sub-strategies. These tactics are usually set out in the component parts of the business plan" (Hoddler, Stoughton, 2003: 20). The strategic planning process consists of two phases, the first one is strategy formulation stage, and the second one is strategy implementation stage, in the first phase we have to identify mission and strategic goals of business, of course when someone wouldn't know where someone is going, how could someone will get courage of moving forward, the second thing we have to care about is conducting competitive analysis, here we have to analyze the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT Analysis), than the last part of first phase appears in which there is a need of developing specific strategies, the three of them are corporate, business and functional levels of strategies. In the corporate level of strategy, which tells about what businesses the organization will operate and how resources would be allocated, the second one is business level strategy that tries to define the best means of competing within a business, it also supports the corporate level stra tegy, the third one is the functional level strategy which focuses on the specific action plans for managing a specific functional area within a business, it supports the business level strategy. The second phase of planning process is strategy implementation stage in which all that is planned previously is implemented on actual situations, it means exactly to evaluate the plans and control afterwards where required. Difference between Strategic and short- term planning As mentioned earlier, the Strategic Planning is a long term planning, it consists of time that is longer than one year, more formally such planning is done while considering all the past records and resources that the company or organization has, the strategic planning is basically coping with the company's "strategy Formulation" stage in which the company has more concerns on its mission and goal statement, its SWOT analysis and other specific